In ancient times, the Chinese
believed in
consulting a fortune-teller for both important and mundane
matters. For example, a Chinese might have wanted to know if he
would be
successful in his business. Or, he might have wanted to know if
he would
pass the imperial
examinations, have children,
be cured of an illness,
etc.
In old China, fortune-tellers mainly relied on the following methods to
foretell the future:
using physiognomy (observing the eyes, eyebrows, nose, mouth,
ears, lips, teeth, etc) and palm-reading
using a little bird to select from 64 slips of paper with poetry
and pictures of gods and animals
having the customer select from various sheets of paper on which
were written Chinese characters and then dissecting the various
components of the characters
fengshui
using three old Chinese cash coins and
a tortoise shell
Using Old Cash Coins and a Tortoise Shell
The method of using three old
Chinese cash coins and a tortoise shell to predict the future was as
follows.
Fortune-tellers preferred using old
cash coins from the
Tang Dynasty (618 - 907 AD) such as the kai
yuan
tong bao (开元通宝), pictured
here,
first cast in the year 621 AD during the reign of Emperor Gao Zu.
The fortune-teller would first light incense and candles and place them
in front of a picture of an old man whom they considered a deity of
this kind of divination. He would then put three cash coins into
a tortoise shell, shake
them and spill them out onto a plate.
After observing how many of the coins were reverse side up he would
then use the coins to rap on the tortoise shell.
The process of shaking the coins in the tortoise shell, spilling them
out, observing the number of coins reverse side up, and then rapping on
the tortoise shell was repeated three times.
The fortune-teller would then use a complicated set of rules and
compare the position of the coins with the five elements and the bagua to make his prognostication.
Of the six methods of fortune-telling mentioned above, the literary
class of Chinese considered this method to be the most orthodox and
reliable.